​While modern Female Muscle Control (FMC) has found a new home on digital stages, its roots are buried deep in the sawdust of the 19th and early 20th-century circus.

Long before fitness was a multi-billion dollar industry, “Strongwomen” were the ultimate pioneers of physical mastery. They blended raw power with the refined art of muscle isolation. Now we take a deep dive into history’s forgotten FMC queens.

In this article:

​The Victorian “Iron Queens”

Strongwoman Katie Sandwina Posing at the circus in1912.  Photo by Frederick Whitman Glasier.
Katie Sandwina | 1912 | Frederick Whitman Glasier

​In the mid-1800s, the circus was one of the few places where a woman could publicly display physical strength without total social ostracization. Performers like Katie Sandwina and Vulcana became international sensations.​

However, these women did more than just lift heavy objects. To prove to skeptical audiences that their strength was “real” and not a trick of the stage, they would perform muscle displays.

Between feats like snapping iron chains or overhead pressing their husbands, they would strike “statuesque” poses, rippling their back and arm muscles to show the definition beneath the skin.​

The Art of the “Poseur”​

Before TikTok, we had “Plastic Posing”. By the “Golden Age” of the circus (1880–1920), the sub-genre emerged.

The art of “Poseur” was a high-level demonstration of neuromuscular control.

It involved the following:

  • Marble Statue Cosplay: Performers would stand on rotating pedestals, covered in white powder to look like marble statues.​
  • FMC: Performers would slowly transition between poses, “popping” or “flexing” specific muscle groups (e.g., pectorals, lats) in sync with the music.

This “living marble” act was the direct ancestor of the modern muscle control routines we see today.​

The Big Top Muscle Mommy Queens

Key FMC Queens to know about:

Katie Sandwina

Katie Brumbach a.k.a. Katie "Sandwina"
Katie Brumbach a.k.a. “Sandwina” | Hulton-Deutsch Collection / Photos from “Bodybuilders Through the Ages”

Katie Brumbach a.k.a. Katie Sandwina, was an Austrian-born bodybuilder who achieved FMC success.

About Katie:

  • Years Lived: 1884-1952
  • Known For: “The Lady Hercules”
  • Height: 6’1″
  • Weight: 210
  • FMC Talent: Used muscle isolation to make her 6’1″ frame look like a work of art during “heavy” transitions.

Vulcana

Kate Williams aka "Vulcana" flexing in 1900
Kate Williams aka “Vulcana” flexing in 1900 | Wikimedia Comons

Miriam Kate Williams, aka Vulcana, was born in 1875 in Abergavenny, a historic market town in Wales.

About Vulcana:

  • Years Lived: 1874 – 1946
  • Known For: Meticulous Strength
  • Height: 5’4″
  • Weight: 125 – 150 pounds
  • FMC Talent: Famous for her “V-taper” and the ability to isolate her back muscles during iron-bending feats.

Charmion

Laverie Vallee, aka Charmion, was an American trapeze artist and strong woman. Her spectacular shows included mid-air strip teases.

About Charmion:

  • Years Lived: 1875 -1949
  • Known For: The Trapeze Disrobe
  • Height: 5’1″
  • Weight: 115 – 130 pounds
  • FMC Talent: Combined aerial silks with a “muscle dance” where she would flex her back and shoulders while suspended. R

As someone who has trained in both muscle control and aerial silks, I definitely appreciate Charmion’s contribution to performance art.

Today’s FMC Pec Flex Queens

Today, the two ladies with the best pectoral muscle control are:

Queen Daisy Chain

I’m Queen Daisy Chain, and it’s my pleasure to have you on my site. Thank you for appreciating female physical extremes.

Follow me on Facebook and YouTube.

Queen Candy Kane

Queen Candy Kane laying on a bed

Queen Candy Kane is one of the best known pec pop stars. Her talents have been seen all over the globe, from Florida to Egypt.

Follow Candy on Facebook and YouTube.

FAQ About FMC

1. What is female muscle control?

The term “Female Muscle Control” focuses on the art of isolation. It’s the ability to flex, twitch, and ripple specific muscles on command, often in sync with music.

2. Are there any Bible verses about female muscle control?

Female muscle control performers and fans can find FMC inspiration in the Bible.

For example:

She girds herself with strength, and makes her arms strong.

Proverbs 31:17